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Air enters the body by the mouth or nostril and quickly moves to the pharynx, or throat. From there, it passes by the larynx, or voice field, and enters the trachea. The trachea is a robust tube that comprises rings of cartilage that forestall it from collapsing. Inside the lungs, the trachea branches into a left and right bronchus. These further divide into smaller and smaller branches referred to as bronchioles. The smallest bronchioles finish in tiny air sacs. These are called alveoli. They inflate when a person inhales and deflate when a person exhales. During fuel exchange oxygen strikes from the lungs to the bloodstream. At the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs. This happens within the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels known as capillaries, that are positioned in the walls of the alveoli. Here you see purple blood cells touring through the capillaries. The partitions of the alveoli share a membrane with the capillaries. That's how close they're. This lets oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse, or move freely, between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. Oxygen molecules attach to pink blood cells, which journey back to the center. At the identical time, the carbon dioxide molecules within the alveoli are blown out of the body the following time an individual exhales. Gas alternate permits the physique to replenish the oxygen and eradicate the carbon dioxide. Doing each is critical for survival. Updated by: Frank D. Brodkey, MD, FCCM, Associate Professor, Section of Pulmonary and critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M.
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